Complex dusty plasmas are multi-species systems that consist of electrons, ions, neutral species, and charged nano/micrometer-sized grains interacting with each other predominantly through electrical forces. When the number of electric charges on each dust grain reaches ~10²-10⁴ electron charges, the electrostatic potential energy of the grains is either comparable or much higher than their kinetic energy. In such instances, the dust grains become strongly coupled due to strong electrostatic forces between them. Standard kinetic theories, used to describe dilute gases or weakly coupled dusty plasmas, are no longer valid to describe strongly coupled dusty plasmas because they ignore the interaction potential energy of the constituent grains. This theoretical investigation will quantify the effect of grain-grain, grain-plasma and grain-neutral gas interactions on the thermodynamic and transport properties of the grain phase. The central hypothesis to this effort is that the grain positions and velocity time series measured in dusty plasma experiments contain the information needed to calculate the evolution of the grain position and velocity distribution functions over time, without tedious numerical methods. Using the methods of statistical mechanics, grain trajectories from a combination of experiments and computer simulations will be used to construct accurate equilibrium (thermodynamic equations of state) and non-equilibrium (transport coefficients) models of strongly coupled dusty plasmas. The basic aspects of correlated grain motion of relevance to strongly coupled plasmas will be quantified as thermodynamic and transport models to fortify the prediction capabilities of hydrodynamic/fluid simulation approaches in order to accurately describe dust grain dynamics: (1) near the walls of thermonuclear fusion reactors where material ablation leads to the formation of highly charged nano or micro-particles, (2) in planet and asteroid formation processes via accretion of charged grains and particles, and (3) of intentional or unintentional gas-to-particle conversion in plasma-based nano-material synthetic routes processes or plasma-based semiconductor manufacturing.