Plasma science and engineering has the potential to revolutionize materials synthesis, chemical conversion, and manufacturing. To date, experiments have demonstrated the promise of low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) for synthesis of nanomaterials, surface modification, and catalysis. While RF LTPs have huge benefits in these areas such as low cost, reliance on electricity only, and parameter tunability via frequency, pressure, and other experimental controls, they come up against a “glass ceiling” in materials synthesis that prevents them from realizing their full potential: electron temperature, ion temperature, and the densities of these species are difficult to decouple. This project is motivated by the hypothesis that the superposition of an external magnetic field and a low-temperature RF plasma can lead to the tunability of ion/electron densities and temperatures, which in turn can be leveraged for selective sp3 bond hybridization and diamond nanoparticle synthesis. The project includes four major objectives. The first is to measure key properties of the plasma such as the electron and ion energy distributions at prescribed values of magnetic field strength, RF power, pressure, and gas composition. Second, tunability of the plasma properties will be demonstrated through control of the field properties and reactor geometry. Third, the nanoparticles generated in the plasma will be characterized and a map between the plasma properties and nanoparticle properties will be explored with a specific emphasis on the formation of diamond nanoparticles. Lastly, a model of nanoparticle nucleation and growth will be developed that links plasma chemistry, kinetics, and particle transport. To accomplish these objectives a flow-through RF plasma reactor will be used. Measurement of the plasma properties will be made through the combination of a Langmuir probe, retarding field energy analyzer, optical emission spectrometer, and residual gas analyzer. The nanoparticles will be analyzed by a host of diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy methods. The nanoparticle nucleation and growth modeling will be constructed through a combination of COMSOL, the hybrid plasma equipment model, and further model development during the project. Magnetically modulated LTPs have immense promise at the frontier of materials synthesis, particularly for materials such as diamond nanoparticles which offer outstanding optoelectronic and thermal properties but for which thermodynamic nonequilibrium is a key element for production.